Planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal locomotion in common quails (Coturnix coturnix)

14Citations
Citations of this article
24Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.

Abstract

In human bipedal walking, temporal changes in the elevation angle of the thigh, shank and foot segments covary to form a regular loop within a single plane in three-dimensional space. In this study, we quantified the planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal locomotion in common quails to test whether the degree of planarity and the orientation of the covariance plane differ between birds, humans and Japanese macaques as reported in published accounts. Five quails locomoted on a treadmill and were recorded by a lateral X-ray fluoroscopy. The elevation angle of the thigh, shank and foot segments relative to the vertical axis was calculated and compared with published data on human and macaque bipedal locomotion. The results showed that the planar covariation applied to quail bipedal locomotion and planarity was stronger in quails than in humans. The orientation of the covariation plane in quails differed from that in humans, and was more similar to the orientation of the covariation plane in macaques. Although human walking is characterized by vaulting mechanics of the body center of mass, quails and macaques utilize spring-like running mechanics even though the duty factor is >0.5. Therefore, differences in the stance leg mechanics between quails and humans may underlie the difference in the orientation of the covariation plane. The planar covariation of inter-segmental coordination has evolved independently in both avian and human locomotion, despite the different mechanical constraints.

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Ogihara, N., Oku, T., Andrada, E., Blickhan, R., Nyakatura, J. A., & Fischer, M. S. (2014). Planar covariation of limb elevation angles during bipedal locomotion in common quails (Coturnix coturnix). Journal of Experimental Biology, 217(22), 3968–3973. https://doi.org/10.1242/jeb.109355

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free