Vitamin D Status of the Adult Population in Bali and Its Relationship to Anthropometry and Body Fat: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Introduction: In both children and adults, obesity is frequently correlated with low levels of vitamin D. The metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance have both been linked to people with low vitamin D levels. Low vitamin D levels and a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency were found in obese individuals, according to several epidemiological and clinical research. Objective: This study aims to determine the status of vitamin D in the population of Buleleng, Bali, and its relationship with body fat composition. Method: Cross-sectional research with a total of 50 subjects who satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria was conducted. Data analysis used independent t-test and one-way ANOVA to test the differences between groups. The Pearson correlation test is used to analyze the relationship between variables. Result: Of all these subjects, 7 people (14%) had normal serum levels of vitamin D (25 (OH) D), 15 people (30%) were insufficient, and 28 people (56%) were deficient. Analysis of vitamin D levels in each subgroup, such as sex, waist circumference (WC), visceral fat, subcutaneous fat, and body mass index (BMI), found significant differences in vitamin D levels (p <0.05). Although there was no significant difference in vitamin D levels in the normal, high, and very high body fat groups (p=0.063), there was a significant inverse relationship between vitamin D levels and body fat (p=0.000). There is also a significant inverse correlation between levels of vitamin D and BMI, body weight, WC, body fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat (p<0.05). Conclusion: The prevalence of vitamin D deficiency is still high. Vitamin D levels significantly inversely correlate with BMI, body weight, waist circumference, body fat, visceral fat, and subcutaneous fat.