Belching in children: Prevalence and association with gastroesophageal reflux disease

Abstract

Background: Excessive belching is frequently reported in adult patients with gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) and dyspepsia. Although postprandial gastric belching (GB) is considered a physiological mechanism for gastric venting, supra-gastric belching (SGB) is considered a distinct behavioural disorder. We aimed to define the prevalence of different types of belching and its association with reflux disease in paediatric patients. Methods: We retrospectively analysed reflux monitoring studies from 287 patients (median age: 7.0 years; interquartile range 3.0–11.3 years) with a suspicion of GORD. Based on oesophageal acid exposure time (AET) patients were divided in 3 groups: (a) physiological AET, (b) borderline AET and (c) pathological AET. MII-pH studies were manually edited and reflux disease parameters were measured together with quantification of GB and SGB. Key Results: Two hundred one children (70.0%) had physiological AET (median: 0.8; interquartile range 0.3–1.6), 52 (18.1%) had borderline AET (median: 4.2; interquartile range 3.4–5.3) and 34 (11.9%) had pathologic AET (median: 10.7; interquartile range 9.1–14.2). Gastric belching was observed in all studies. Gastric belching related reflux was more frequently observed in patients with borderline and pathological AET (p < 0.001). This was more common in older children. SGB were observed in only 7 (2.4%) children (age range: 8–17years) in our population and all patients had Physiological AET. Only 3 (1%) patients had pathological number of SGB (>13/24 h). Conclusions and Inferences: Gastric belching related reflux is observed in children with increased AET. SGB is very rare in the paediatric population.