Spectroscopic investigations of a semi-synthetic [FeFe] hydrogenase with propane di-selenol as bridging ligand in the binuclear subsite: comparison to the wild type and propane di-thiol variants

Abstract

[FeFe] Hydrogenases catalyze the reversible conversion of H 2 into electrons and protons. Their catalytic site, the H-cluster, contains a generic [4Fe–4S] H cluster coupled to a [2Fe] H subsite [Fe 2 (ADT)(CO) 3 (CN) 2 ] 2− , ADT = µ(SCH 2 ) 2 NH. Heterologously expressed [FeFe] hydrogenases (apo-hydrogenase) lack the [2Fe] H unit, but this can be incorporated through artificial maturation with a synthetic precursor [Fe 2 (ADT)(CO) 4 (CN) 2 ] 2− . Maturation with a [2Fe] complex in which the essential ADT amine moiety has been replaced by CH 2 (PDT = propane-dithiolate) results in a low activity enzyme with structural and spectroscopic properties similar to those of the native enzyme, but with simplified redox behavior. Here, we study the effect of sulfur-to-selenium (S-to-Se) substitution in the bridging PDT ligand incorporated in the [FeFe] hydrogenase HydA1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii using magnetic resonance (EPR, NMR), FTIR and spectroelectrochemistry. The resulting HydA1-PDSe enzyme shows the same redox behavior as the parent HydA1-PDT. In addition, a state is observed in which extraneous CO is bound to the open coordination site of the [2Fe] H unit. This state was previously observed only in the native enzyme HydA1-ADT and not in HydA1-PDT. The spectroscopic features and redox behavior of HydA1-PDSe, resulting from maturation with [Fe 2 (PDSe)(CO) 4 (CN) 2 ] 2− , are discussed in terms of spin and charge density shifts and provide interesting insight into the electronic structure of the H-cluster. We also studied the effect of S-to-Se substitution in the [4Fe–4S] subcluster. The reduced form of HydA1 containing only the [4Fe–4Se] H cluster shows a characteristic S = 7/2 spin state which converts back into the S = 1/2 spin state upon maturation with a [2Fe]–PDT/ADT complex.