Lycopene intake and the risk of erectile dysfunction in US adults: NHANES 2001–2004

Abstract

Background: Erectile dysfunction is a condition with a high incidence among adult men. Lycopene has been shown to lower blood glucose and reduce weight in diabetic patients because of its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, the association between lycopene and the incidence of erectile dysfunction is unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to examine the dietary lycopene intake and its association with erectile dysfunction risk in the US population. Materials and methods: We investigated the lycopene intake of adult participants with complete information on clinical variables from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey between 2001 and 2004. Dose–response curve analysis was applied to explore the association between lycopene intake and erectile dysfunction. Logistic regression models were used to adjust for confounders. Different ethnicities, body mass index level, hypertension status, diabetes status, and smoking status were analyzed as subgroups. Propensity score matching was employed to eliminate the effects of potential confounders to confirm the reliability of the results. Results: A total of 3265 participants with lycopene consumption data were included in our study, including 931 individuals with erectile dysfunction and 2334 without erectile dysfunction during National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001–2004. We found more consumption of lycopene in the non-erectile dysfunction group than in the erectile dysfunction group. Dose–response curve analysis revealed a significant negative association between lycopene intake and erectile dysfunction prevalence. After adjusting for age, race, cigarette smoking, body mass index, annual family income, education, physical activity, hypertension, diabetes, depression, and testosterone level, we found that increased lycopene intake reduced the odds ratio of erectile dysfunction. Low lycopene intake was positively related to erectile dysfunction in almost all subgroups, especially in Mexican American, non-Hispanic white, body mass index <25, hypertension positive, diabetes mellitus negative, and smoke negative. Furthermore, the results were confirmed in the 1:1 matched group. Conclusion: Our national data suggest that lower dietary lycopene intake is positively associated with an increased risk of erectile dysfunction in US men.