Distraction as an intervention for depression : The distraction process

Abstract

Distraction is considered to be an effective strategy for improving a depressed mood. However, distraction can also produce a reverse effect, and dependence on distraction may itself become a problem. The present study focuses on the distraction process, in order to obtain information as to when it can be an effective intervention. 276 college students completed a questionnaire that measured various features of distraction when they had significantly stressful events. The results, analyzed using a covariance structure model, were as follows: Poor concentration on the distraction enhanced bad moods, and bad moods enhanced dependence on distraction. Students who had a high level of confidence in the feeling that they could regulate their moods reported enhanced concentration on distraction. Their concentration, and the effects of distraction, were influenced by the intention of the distraction, which included clarifying a goal, alleviating their mood, or no goal. These results suggest that one's confidence in being able to regulate one's moods, concentration on distraction, and clarification of goals are important factors in whether a distraction intervention is effective.