Catalytic CO2 Conversion to Added-Value Energy Rich C1 Products

Abstract

Carbon-dioxide emission from various sources is the primary cause of rapid climate change. Its utilization and storage are becoming a pivotal issue to reduce the risk of future devastating effect. The conversion of carbon-dioxide as an abundant and inexpensive feedstock to valuable chemicals is a challenging contemporary issue having multi-facets. There is a need to elucidate the process of utilizing CO2 to gain a fundamental understanding to overcome the challenges. This chapter focuses on converting CO2 to C1 valuable chemicals via hydrogenation (methane, methanol, syngas, formic acid) and reforming reactions (syngas). The first four parts of this chapter cover the production of methane, methanol and formic acid via hydrogenation reaction and syngas via reverse water gas shift reaction. Moreover, the last part of the chapters consists of reforming whereby CO2 acts as a mild oxidant for the production of syngas (CO + H2). The chapter covers different aspects, including the current challenges in the process, the state of the art and design of catalysts, and mechanistic consideration, all of which are critically evaluated to give the insight into each reaction.