Hyperplasia of interstitial cells of cajal in sprouty homolog 4 deficient mice

Abstract

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors, which are thought to derive from interstitial cells of Cajal or their precursors, often harbor an oncogenic mutation of the KIT receptor tyrosine kinase. Sprouty homolog 4, a known negative regulator of ERK pathway, has been identified in the interstitial cells of Cajal in the Kit K641E murine model of gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Sprouty homolog 4 was upregulated both at the mRNA and protein level in these cells, suggesting that Sprouty homolog 4 is downstream of oncogenic KIT activation and potentially engaged in the negative feedback loop of ERK activation in this model. Here, we used Kit K641E heterozygous and Sprouty homolog 4 knock out animals to quantify interstitial cells of Cajal in situ, using quantitative immunofluorescence for the receptor tyrosine kinase Kit and for phosphodiesterase 3a (PDE3A). In the antrum of Sprouty homolog 4 knock out mice, hyperplasia of interstitial cells of Cajal was reminiscent of the Kit K641E heterozygous mice antrum. Additionally, the density of interstitial cells of Cajal was higher in the colon of adult Sprouty homolog 4 knock out mice than in WT littermates, although hyperplasia seemed more severe in Kit K641E heterozygous mice. Functional transit studies also show similarities between Sprouty homolog 4 knock out and Kit K641E heterozygous mice, as the total transit time in 9 month old animals was significantly increased in both genotypes compared to WT littermates. We concluded that the lack of Sprouty homolog 4 expression leads to hyperplasia of the interstitial cells of Cajal and is functionally associated with a delayed transit time.