The Educational Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Renal Transplant Recipients—A Scoping Review

Abstract

Renal transplantation is the gold-standard treatment for adolescents and young adults with end-stage renal disease. Despite enjoying excellent short-term outcomes, they suffer the worst rates of premature transplant function loss. Health behaviors: such as lack of adherence to immunosuppressive medications, are felt to be the major contributory factor. Understanding the educational needs of young renal transplant recipients allows healthcare practitioners to better support patients in managing their chronic disease. The aim of this scoping review was to understand what is known about their educational needs. A scoping review methodology was followed. Following an online search, study titles, and abstracts were screened for eligibility, followed by full-text assessment and data extraction. Data were qualitatively analyzed using thematic analysis. A total of 29 studies were included in the scoping review. In young people who struggled with self-management, three themes were identified (1) the Needs of the disrupted youth, (2) the Needs of the disorganized youth (3) the Needs of the distressed youth. There was a paucity of research to identify the protective factors that enable young recipients to successfully manage their health. This review outlines current knowledge of the patient education needs of young transplant recipients. It also highlights remaining research gaps that will need to be addressed with future research.