Nonlinear microscopy of the vocal folds

Abstract

Nonlinear microscopy is becoming a very important tool available to life scientists. This powerful three-dimensional technique allows exploration of unstained biological tissues through a contrast provided by the nonlinear interaction of short laser pulses with certain macromolecules such as elastin and collagen. The possibility of imaging microstructures (cells, nuclei) as well as macromolecules without affecting the integrity of the organ paves the way for a better understanding of vocal folds’ normal and pathological conditions. In this chapter, we review the physical concepts behind nonlinear microscopy and provide example of its use in laryngology.