Diagnostic accuracy of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis: A meta-analysis

Abstract

Background Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) is used to detect pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB); however, the diagnostic accuracy of the LAMP assay for extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) is unclear. We performed a meta-analysis to evaluate the performance of LAMP in the detection of EPTB. Methods We searched PubMed, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and the Wanfang database for studies published before Sep 16, 2017. We reviewed studies and compared the performance of LAMP with that of a composite reference standard (CRS) and culture for clinically suspected EPTB. We used a bivariate random-effects model to perform meta-analyses and used meta-regression and subgroup analysis to analyze sources of heterogeneity. Results Fourteen articles including 24 independent studies (16 compared LAMP to CRS, 8 to culture) of EPTB were identified. LAMP showed a pooled sensitivity of 77% (95% confidence interval (CI) 68–85), specificity of 99% (95% CI 96–100), and area under SROC curves (AUC) of 0.96 (95% CI 0.94–0.97) against CRS. It showed a pooled sensitivity of 93% (95% CI 88–96), specificity of 77% (95% CI 64–86), and AUC of 0.94 (95% CI 0.92–0.96) against culture. The pooled sensitivity, specificity, and AUC of MPB64 LAMP were 86% (95% CI 86–86), 100% (95% CI 100–100), and 0.97 (95% CI 0.95–0.98), respectively, and those of IS6110 LAMP were 75% (95% CI 64–84), 99% (95% CI 90–100), and 0.91 (95% CI 0.88–0.93), respectively, compared with CRS. Conclusions These results suggest good diagnostic efficacy of LAMP in the detection of EPTB. Additionally, the diagnostic efficacy of MPB64 LAMP was superior to that of IS6110 LAMP.