Evaluation of non-surgical periodontal treatment in patients with a past history of myocardial infarction

Abstract

© 2017 by Wroclaw Medical University and Polish Dental Society. Background. The cohort study revealed a relationship between chronic periodontitis and the risk of developing coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction. Objectives. The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of periodontal treatment on periodontal status in patients with past history of acute myocardial infarction. Material and methods. The study comprised 45 patients with chronic periodontitis hospitalized due to acute myocardial infarction treated with coronary angioplasty. The patients were randomized to the group of non-surgical periodontal treatment (group 1; 25 individuals) or the group of periodontal prophylactics (group 2; 20 individuals). The following aspects were evaluated in clinical study: plaque index (PI), ap-proximal plaque index (API), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). The study was carried out 1-2 weeks following discharge from hospital and 6, 7 and 12 months after the initial examination. Results. High values of PI, API and BOP were observed in both groups, which indicated poor oral hygiene and a considerable percentage of inflamed pockets. Those values significantly decreased with further control examinations, yet the obtained values were still very high. No significant changes in time were observed in PD and CAL in both groups. A significant PD reduction in the examinations performed 7 and 12 moths from the baseline was detected only in the group of younger patients who underwent non-surgical periodontal treatment. Conclusions. The patients with past history of acute myocardial infarction show an abnormal periodontal status which does not significantly change due to constant hygienic negligence despite prophylactic-the-rapeutic intervention.