Automating gender roles at work: How digital disruption and artificial intelligence alter industry structures and sex-based divisions of labor

Abstract

We draw on a substantial body of theoretical and empirical research concerning how digital disruption and artificial intelligence alter industry structures and sex-based divisions of labor, and using and replicating data from Bloomberg, BLS, Eurostat, McKinsey, OECD, PIAAC, PISA, PwC, and World Economic Forum, we performed analyses and made estimates regarding patterns of jobs lost and gained (% of 2019 employment for each gender) and potential impact of job automation over time across workers (%, by gender, age group, and education level). Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data and test the proposed conceptual model.