The Traditions, Resources and Potential of Forest Growing and Multipurpose Shelterbelts in Hungary

Abstract

Livestock-keeping in forests is a traditional practice in both the plains and mountain areas of Hungary. It has ensured the stability of marginal areas and sustained diversity. Following ownership changes in 1989, Hungarian agricultural activities diversified again and, on private farms, opened a range of options to plan and revitalize agroforestry systems, mainly based on the shelterbelt-systems of the 1960s. This paper reviews trends and possibilities in landscape-management both in specific locations and countrywide. In addition to the agroforestry potential there are examples of conservation, landscape protection and ethnic heritage of these farming methods. Because of changes in land structure and the accession of Hungary to the EU, the economic objectives of afforestation are increasing. The protective functions of forests as shelterbelts, landscape enhancement and settlement-protection are also being felt. It is expected to be an increase in shelterbelts, windbreaks, forest belts, hedgerows and alleys. Surveys in forest, and non-forest scenarios need to be followed by long term planning, which should increase forest protection. Examples of experience, with potential uses of agroforestry in Hungary are given, but optimal exploitation needs further research and collaboration of all sectors concerned.