Biology and ecology of the benthic algae

Abstract

This chapter describes the diversity of the microscopic and macroscopic benthic algal assemblages of the Bahia Blanca Estuary, including ecological aspects like their habitats, their role as primary producers, and the main interactions with other biota of the estuary. The microphytobenthic community is well developed in the soft sediments of the estuary. It is dominated by cyanobacteria and diatoms, which are key elements in the stabilization of sediments and nutrient cycling. They also interact with the macrobenthic fauna. On the other hand, the assemblages of macroscopic algae are poor in number of taxa. The majority of macroalgae are annual and opportunistic species, making use of the artificial substrate that is eventually available for their attachment. A few macroalgae are perennial mat-forming species, and there are also species considered exotic or introduced. Despite the fact that the little availability of hard substrate and the turbid waters limit the development of macroscopic algae, there are local species that flourish when conditions become favorable and produce blooms. These blooming species constitute promising candidates for their utilization in biomitigation. Although the benthic algae have been less studied than other biological groups, there is no doubt that these primary producers are vital components of this estuarial system.