Similar odorants elicit different behavioral and physiological responses, some supersustained

Abstract

An intriguing question in the field of olfaction is how animals distinguish among structurally similar odorants. We systematically analyzed olfactory responses elicited by a panel of 25 pyrazines. We found that structurally similar pyrazines elicit a wide range of behavioral responses from Drosophila larvae. Each pyrazine was tested against all functional receptors of the larval Odor receptor (Or) repertoire, yielding 525 odorant-receptor combinations. Different pyrazines vary markedly in the responses they elicit from the Or repertoire, with most strong responses deriving from two receptors, Or33b and Or59a. Surprisingly, 2-ethylpyrazine and 2-methylpyrazine, which elicit strikingly similar physiological responses across the receptor repertoire, elicit dramatically different behavioral responses. A small fraction of odorant-receptor combinations elicit remarkably long responses. These responses, which we term "supersustained" responses, are receptor specific and odorant specific,andcan last for minutes. Such supersustained responsesmayprevent olfactory neuronsfromreporting contemporaneous information about the local odor environment. Odors that elicit such responses could provide a novelmeansof controlling insect pests and vectors ofhuman disease by impairing the location of human hosts, food sources, and mates. © 2011 the authors.