Doctor Thomas e a medicina tropical na Amazônia no início do século XX

  • Benchimol J
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Abstract

Resumo Harold Howard Shearme Wolferstan Thomas foi um pesquisador da Escola de Medicina Tropical de Liverpool que teve fugaz destaque na medicina britânica na época em que foi deslocado para a Amazônia (1905). Cinco anos antes, uma expedição da mesma Escola estivera na região para investigar a febre amarela. Thomas e Anton Breinl viajaram para Manaus ainda com o objetivo de estuda essa doença. Naquele intervalo, transcorreram processos muitos dinâmicos na medicina tropical, em particular no tocante às tripanossomíases. Thomas ganhou projeção ao demonstrar que o atoxyl era eficaz no tratamento de animais e humanos infectados por tripanossomos. No presente artigo, Thomas é o fio que conduz a uma trama formada por diferentes atores e doenças na América, Europa e África, cujas sinergias revelam contornos da medicina tropical e o lugar nela ocupado pela região amazônica no começo do século XX. Enfatizaremos especialmente as tripanossomíases. Até sua morte em Manaus, em 1931, Thomas envolveu-se com outros problemas de saúde locais e com médicos que lideravam a saúde pública e a medicina experimental no Amazonas - curso discrepante daquele tomado pela maioria dos médicos europeus que participaram de missões em colônias e áreas de influência das metrópoles imperiais. Nos anos 1950, Thomas foi ‘redescoberto’, ao receber (postumamente) parte de um prêmio conferido aos descobridores da cura da doença do sono. Sua memória teve outros revivals em ambientes acadêmicos.Abstract Harold Howard Shearme Wolferstan Thomas was a researcher from the Liverpool School of Tropical Diseases who enjoyed brief prominence in British medicine at the time he was transferred to Amazonia (1905). Five years earlier, an overseas expedition from this school had been in the region to investigate yellow fever. When Thomas and his colleague Anton Breinl set sail for Manaus, their mission was still to investigate this disease. In the interval between the two expeditions, dynamic processes were underway in the realm of tropical medicine, especially with regard to trypanosomiasis. Thomas gained recognition when he showed that atoxyl was an effective treatment for humans and animals infected with trypanosomes. In this article, Thomas guides us through a web of actors and diseases in the Americas, Europe and Africa. Their synergies reveal the outlines of tropical medicine and the place occupied by the Amazon region within this field at the beginning of the twentieth century, with special emphasis on trypanosomiasis. Until his death in Manaus in 1931, Thomas involved himself with other local health problems and with physicians who were on the forefront of Amazonian public health and experimental medicine, an unusual course for most European researchers sent on missions to colonies and areas influenced by imperial metropolises. Thomas was ‘rediscovered’ two decades after his death when he was named one of the recipients of a prize from the Belgian government granted to the scientists who discovered the treatment for sleeping sickness. As we shall see, his memory was revived on other occasions in the academic sphere.

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APA

Benchimol, J. L. (2018). Doctor Thomas e a medicina tropical na Amazônia no início do século XX. História (São Paulo), 37(0). https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-4369e2018015

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