The flexibility of Islamic law in the Ganjur tradition in Lamongan, Indonesia

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Abstract

This article demonstrates the flexibility of Islamic family law in the Ganjur tradition in Lamongan, Indonesia, considered unique for allowing women to propose to men. Despite its uniqueness, the Ganjur tradition carries important moral teachings in the context of realizing humanistic and egalitarian family relations. This study is a legal-sociological study using a grounded research model to find evidence of the flexibility of Islamic law in determining the status of the law of the Ganjur tradition. The data required include the history of Ganjur, Ganjur practice, and people’s views on Ganjur, which were explored through interviews with twenty informants and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) with three traditional leaders, three religious leaders, and five traditional actors. To evaluate the data, the maqāṣid syarī’ah approach was utilized. The results indicate that the Ganjur tradition stems from the legend of Panji Laras and Panji Liris (male figures), who received a proposal from Andansari and Andanwangi (female figures). The act of proposing to a man (ngganjur) is considered a source of glory for a woman. Meanwhile, being proposed to by a woman (diganjur) denotes that a man is respected as a companion to his wife rather than dominated by her. The wedding ceremony is fully financed and organized by the woman’s family. Following the event, the couple resides with the woman’s family for an indefinite period, until they have acquired sufficient resources to establish their own independent household. The husband and wife hold equal ownership of the family unit and collaboratively manage the household; the wife is not subordinate nor a complement to the husband (koncowingkeng). This study found that Islamic law’s flexibility could uphold the legitimacy of the Ganjur tradition with accurately proposed sharia. Artikel ini mengungkap fleksibilitas hukum keluarga Islam dalam tradisi Ganjur di Lamongan-Indonesia yang dianggap unik karena perempuan melamar laki-laki. Namun, tradisi Ganjur mengandung ajaran moral yang signifikan dalam konteks mewujudkan relasi keluarga yang humanis dan setara. Kajian ini bersifat yuridis-sosiologis dengan menggunakan model grounded research untuk menemukan bukti-bukti keluwesan hukum Islam dalam menetapkan status hukum tradisi Ganjur. Data yang dibutuhkan meliputi sejarah Ganjur, praktik Ganjur, dan pandangan masyarakat tentang Ganjur yang digali melalui wawancara dengan dua puluh informan dan melakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) bersama tiga tokoh tradisi, tiga tokoh agama, dan lima pelaku tradisi yang selanjutnya dianalisis dengan pendekatan maqāṣid syarī’ah. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa tradisi Ganjur muncul dari legenda Panji Laras-Panji Liris (laki-laki) yang dilamar oleh Andansari-Andanwangi (perempuan). Bagi perempuan, melamar laki-laki (ngganjur) adalah memuliakannya. Sedangkan bagi laki-laki, dilamar perempuan (diganjur) berarti dihormati untuk menjadi (suami) pendamping istri, bukan untuk didominasi. Pesta pernikahan dilaksanakan dan ditanggung oleh keluarga perempuan dengan seluruh biayanya. Setelah itu, kedua pengantin hidup bersama di lingkungan keluarga perempuan dalam waktu tak terbatas. Setelah memiliki cukup kemampuan, keduanya diizinkan membangun keluarga baru yang mandiri. Suami-istri berkedudukan sama sebagai pemilik keluarga; keduanya bermitra dalam mengelola rumah tangga; istri tidak menjadi pelengkap suami (konco wingkeng) dan tidak menjadi bawahan suami. Kajian ini menemukan keluwesan hukum Islam yang terbukti telah mampu mendasari keabsahan tradisi Ganjur dengan dalil syariah yang akurat.

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APA

Khoiroh, M., & Syakur, A. (2023). The flexibility of Islamic law in the Ganjur tradition in Lamongan, Indonesia. Ijtihad: Jurnal Wacana Hukum Islam Dan Kemanusiaan, 23(2), 139–159. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v23i2.139-159

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