The Activation Parameters of a Cold-Adapted Short Chain Dehydrogenase Are Insensitive to Enzyme Oligomerization

Abstract

The structural principles of enzyme cold adaptation are of fundamental interest both for understanding protein evolution and for biotechnological applications. It has become clear in recent years that structural flexibility plays a major role in tuning enzyme activity at low temperatures, which is reflected by characteristic changes in the thermodynamic activation parameters for psychrophilic enzymes, compared to those of mesophilic and thermophilic ones. Hence, increased flexibility of the enzyme surface has been shown to lead to a lower enthalpy and a more negative entropy of activation, which leads to higher activity in the cold. This immediately raises the question of how enzyme oligomerization affects the temperature dependence of catalysis. Here, we address this issue by computer simulations of the catalytic reaction of a cold-adapted bacterial short chain dehydrogenase in different oligomeric states. Reaction free energy profiles are calculated at different temperatures for the tetrameric, dimeric, and monomeric states of the enzyme, and activation parameters are obtained from the corresponding computational Arrhenius plots. The results show that the activation free energy, enthalpy, and entropy are remarkably insensitive to the oligomeric state, leading to the conclusion that assembly of the subunit interfaces does not compromise cold adaptation, even though the mobilities of interfacial residues are indeed affected.