Risk factors associated to vaginal infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions in university students in Medellín, Colombia

Abstract

Objective: To explore the risk factors associated with vaginal infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix in university students in Medellín, Colombia. Materials and methods: Cross-sectional study; a convenience sample of 176 students from the health care field were included. Data were obtained through an anonymous survey that included demographic, clinical, and academic variables, as well as those pertaining to sexual habits. Cervical cytology and direct gram stain of vaginal fluid were taken. The statistical association for vaginal infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix was explored through the odds ratio and the 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) was found in 9.1% of participants; low-grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions in 4.5%, and vaginal infections in 30.7%; bacterial vaginosis was the most common infection. Previous history of HPV has a statistical association with ASCUS OR = 36.69 95% CI (3.56-378.15) and vaginosis by Gardnerella OR = 10.57 Cl 95% (1.07-104.64), whereas urinary infections had a statistical association for candidiasis OR = 4.46 Cl 95% (1.21-16.5). Conclusions: Our findings can be used as descriptive information regarding the frequency of vaginal infections and squamous intraepithelial lesions of the cervix in university populations, to continue or improve programs for the promotion and prevention of sexual and reproductive health in young populations.