Effects of cytochrome P450 (CYP3A4 and CYP2C19) inhibition and induction on the exposure of selumetinib, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, in healthy subjects: results from two clinical trials

Abstract

Purpose: Two phase I, open-label trials in healthy subjects assessed whether co-administration with CYP3A4/CYP2C19 inhibitors, itraconazole/fluconazole (study A), or CYP3A4 inducer, rifampicin (study B), affects the exposure, safety/tolerability and pharmacokinetics of selumetinib and its metabolite N-desmethyl selumetinib. Methods: In study A (n = 26), subjects received a single dose of selumetinib 25 mg and, after 4 days of washout, were randomized to treatment 1 (itraconazole 200 mg twice daily on days 1–11) or treatment 2 (fluconazole 400 mg on day 1 then 200 mg/day on days 2–11) plus co-administration of single-dose selumetinib 25 mg on day 8 (selumetinib staggered 4 h after itraconazole/fluconazole dose); Twenty-one days after discharge/washout, subjects received the alternate treatment. In study B (n = 22), subjects received a single dose of selumetinib 75 mg (day 1) then rifampicin 600 mg/day (days 4–14) plus a single dose of selumetinib 75 mg on day 12. Pharmacokinetic analysis and safety assessments were performed. Results: Selumetinib co-administered with itraconazole, fluconazole (selumetinib staggered 4 h after itraconazole/fluconazole dose), or rifampicin was well tolerated. Selumetinib exposure was higher when co-administered with itraconazole or fluconazole (area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) increased by 49 and 53%, respectively; maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) increased by 19 and 26%, respectively) but lower when co-dosed with rifampicin (AUC and Cmax decreased by 51 and 26%, respectively) versus selumetinib dosed alone. Co-administration with itraconazole or rifampicin decreased N-desmethyl selumetinib AUC(0–t) (11 and 55%, respectively), and Cmax (25 and 18%, respectively), with fluconazole, AUC(0–t) increased by 40%, but there was no effect on Cmax. Conclusions: Co-administration of CYP3A4/CYP2C19 inhibitors will likely increase exposure to selumetinib, while CYP3A4 inducers will likely reduce its exposure.