Spotlight on trastuzumab deruxtecan (Ds-8201, t-dxd) for her2 mutation positive non-small cell lung cancer

Abstract

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is a proto-oncogene that, when mutated or overexpressed, plays an important role in oncogenesis. The landscape of HER2-positive breast cancer has changed dramatically over the past 2 decades with the FDA approval of a growing number of agents (antibodies, tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and antibody-drug conjugates) targeting the HER2 receptor. HER2 inhibition has also been approved for HER2-positive gastric cancer. HER2 is amplified in 9% and mutated in 3% of lung cancer. Historically, HER2-targeted therapy for lung cancer with trastuzumab, pertuzumab, and trastuzumab emtansine has failed to demonstrate a survival benefit. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) is a novel antibody–drug conjugate with a tetrapeptide linker, which delivers a topoisomerase I inhibitor with a drug-to-antibody ratio of 7~8. The potency of the active payload, as well as its significant bystander effect, resulted in significant anti-tumor activity. The DESTINY-Lung01 trial evaluated T-DXd in HER2-positive non-squamous non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and reported a progression-free survival of 14 months in HER2-mutated NSCLC, earning its breakthrough designation by the FDA. In this review, we will discuss the structural characteristics, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics of T-DXd. We will also shed light on the preclinical and ongoing clinical trials of T-DXd along with future directions in the management of HER2 positive lung cancer.