Inverse Photoelectron Spectroscopy

Abstract

It has already been pointed out in Chap.1 that photoemission experiments can also be performed in a reversed mode, namely by sending electrons of varying energy onto a sample and detecting the photons that are thereby produced by them (Bremsstrahlung) [9.1]. If only photons of one particular energy are detected, which is a common measuring mode, the technique is called Bremsstrahlung Isochromate Spectroscopy (BIS) and, a little misleadingly, this term is sometimes used to characterize the IPES technique in general. For the sake of accuracy, the technique as such — sending electrons onto a sample and detecting the photons produced in the Bremsstrahlung process — will henceforth be called Inverse PhotoElectron Spectroscopy (IPES) and only the mode in which the photon detection energy is kept constant while varying the energy of the incoming electrons will be called BIS.