Abstract
Fissure in ano is characterized by severe pain with defecation. Conservative treatment involves increasing dietary fiber intake and topical administration of smooth muscle relaxants. When these conservative options fail, surgery may be indicated. Closed and open lateral internal sphincterotomy will be discussed in detail in this chapter.
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APA
Tevis, S. E., & Kennedy, G. D. (2016). Anal fissure. In Illustrative Handbook of General Surgery: Second Edition (pp. 497–503). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-24557-7_28
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