Military Sexual Trauma in Older Women Veterans: Prevalence and Comorbidities

Abstract

Background: Recent attention has highlighted the common occurrence and health consequences of military sexual trauma (MST) in younger women veterans. However, almost nothing is known about MST in older veterans. Objective: To describe MST among older women veterans, including prevalence and common comorbidities. Design: Cross-sectional observational study, using data from national Department of Veterans Affairs medical records. Participants: Population-based sample of women Veterans aged 55+ with at least one documented MST screen response and at least one clinical encounter in fiscal years 2005–2015. Main Measures: MST screen: medical diagnoses (diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, myocardial infarction, cerebrovascular disease, congestive heart failure, obesity, chronic pain conditions, back pain, dementia, insomnia, sleep apnea, menopause symptoms) and mental health diagnoses (anxiety, depression, posttraumatic stress disorder, tobacco use, alcohol use disorder, substance use disorder, opioid use disorder, suicidal ideation) from International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision Clinical Modification codes in the medical record. Key Results: In this cohort of older women veterans (n = 70,864, mean age 65.8 ± 10.4 years), 13% had a positive MST screen. In multivariable regression analyses adjusted for age, race/ethnicity, and marital status, MST was strongly associated with most mental health diagnoses, particularly posttraumatic stress disorder (OR 7.25, 95% CI 6.84–7.68), depression (OR 2.39, 95% CI 2.28–2.50), and suicidal ideation (OR 2.42, 95% CI 2.08–2.82). MST was also associated with multiple medical conditions, particularly sleep disorders (insomnia OR 1.61, 95% CI 1.43–1.82; sleep apnea OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.37–1.61) and pain (chronic pain OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.50–1.67; back pain OR 1.40, 95% CI 1.34–1.47). Conclusions: A history of MST is common among older women veterans and associated with a range of medical and mental health diagnoses. These findings call attention to the need for additional research in this understudied population, and the importance of trauma-informed care approaches for women across the lifespan.