Towards an Adaptive Approach in Planning and Management Process

Abstract

Considering the complexity and the uncertainties of social and natural systems and the associated unpredictable events, it seems that the contemporary planning systems are no longer pertinent. We need to adopt ecosystem approaches which imply undertaking holistic planning and management that aim at the integration of natural and social sciences and traditional values. It is necessary to converge to adaptive and collaborative approaches which emphasise active public participation and social learning. All these considerations have implications on water management.