Validation of a modified oral health impact profile scale (OHIP-14) in patients with oral mucosa lesions or periodontal disease

Abstract

Background. Now that healthcare systems have helped successfully extend the human lifespan, the next challenge is to improve the patient’s quality of life (QOL), in particular health-related quality of life (HRQOL). A proper HRQOL assessment requires using reliable instruments that are well-adapted to the population. Objectives. The objective of this study was to validate a modified Polish version of the Oral Health Impact Profile scale (OHIP-14) for patients with oral mucosa lesions or periodontal disease. Material and methods. The sample consisted of 180 adults seeking highly specialized treatment at the Periodontology Department of the University Dental Clinic in Kraków, Poland. The main modification made to OHIP-14 was the inclusion of subquestions regarding the teeth (subscale 1), oral mucosa and other soft tissues (subscale 2), and dentures (subscale 3). Results. The Cronbach’s alpha values were excellent for all 3 subscales (subscale 1: α = 0.924; subscale 2: α = 0.937; subscale 3: α = 0.936). In the case of subscale 1, the Kaiser criterion showed a model with 3 factors (“psychological and social limitations”; “physical limitations”; “functional limitations”), which together explained 67.1% of the variance, in the case of subscale 2 – a model with 1 factor, and in the case of subscale 3 – a 2-factor model (“social interactions limitations”; “basic activities disorder and personal discomfort”). Conclusions. Statistical testing demonstrated that a modified OHIP-14 questionnaire is a reliable tool for evaluating QOL in patients with periodontal or oral mucosa diseases.