Trends and influence factors in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome among US adults, 1999–2018

Abstract

Aim: We aimed to describe the trends in the prevalence, intervention, and control of metabolic syndrome (MetS) among US adults through 1999–2018. Additionally, the influence factors of MetS and its control were further explored. Methods: We included participants older than 20 using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 1999 to 2018 (n = 22,114). The rate of prevalence, intervention, and control of MetS were caculated by survey weights. Joinpoint regression and survey-weighted generalized linear models were used to analyze trends and influence factors, respectively. Results: The prevalence of MetS increased from 28.23 to 37.09% during 1999–2018 (P for trend < 0.05). The former smoker (OR = 1.20, 95%CI: 1.07, 1.36) and current smoker (OR = 1.27, 95%CI: 1.11, 1.45) increased the prevalence of MetS. While vigorous activity (OR = 0.53, 95%CI: 0.47, 0.61) decreased it. Among MetS components, the prevalence of elevated blood-glucose (from 21.18 to 34.68%) and obesity (from 44.81 to 59.06%) raised (P for trend < 0.05), with an uptrend in the use of antidiabetic (from 9.87 to 28.63%) and a downtrend of vigorous activity (from 23.79 to 16.53%) (P for trend < 0.05). Decreased trends were observed in the control of Hb1Ac (< 7%) (from 87.13 to 84.06%) and BMI (<25 kg/m2) (from 11.36 to 7.49%). Among MetS underwent antidiabetic, 45–64 years old and male decreased the control of Hb1Ac (< 7%). The control of BMI (<25 kg/m2) among individuals with physical activity was reduced mainly in the population of younger (aged 20–44 years old), male, non-Hispanic black, middle income and smoker (former and current). Conclusions: The prevalence of MetS increased significantly through 1999–2018. Elevated blood glucose and obesity were the main causes of MetS burden. Quitting smoking and increasing physical activity may decrease the prevalence of MetS. In the control of blood-glucose and obesity, we should screen out the focus population to modify treatment and improve lifestyle.