Determination of Heavy Metals in Waste Dumpsites in Lafia Town and Environs

Abstract

The potential threat of heavy metals from urban waste dumpsites to human health has led to many studies to investigate their levels of concentrations of these elements. In this study, ten (10) samples were obtained from the five different zones within Lafia town and environs. The levels/concentrations of these metals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) and is aimed at assessing the levels and risk of heavy metals, contamination in waste dumpsites in Lafia and its environs. The analysis revealed that the mean concentrations of Pb (138.456mg/kg), Cd (7.2813mg/kg), Zn (432.296mg/Kg), Se(0.515mg/kg), at the waste dumpsites observed exceeded their WHO/FAO guidelines and geochemical backgrounds reported in the literature. While Pb and Zn were observed in all the sites, Cd and Se were detected in only 3 to 4 out of the 10 sites analysed. However, the concentrations of As, Cr, Fe, Cu, Mn Ni Ba, Co were within tolerable limits and therefore pose no risk. These metals originate from both natural and anthropogenic sources, gradual build-up of toxic metals in the dumpsites. The study recommends putting adequate measures and creating awareness so as to monitor and mitigate any ill effects arising from uncontrolled disposal of wastes to prevent harm to the environment and jeopardizing our health and upsetting the balance of nature.