Birth weight <1501 g and respiratory health at age 14

Abstract

Aims - To determine the respiratory health in adolescence of children of birth weight <1501 g, and to compare the results with normal birthweight controls. Methods - Prospective cohort study of children born in the Royal Women's Hospital, Melbourne. Two cohorts of pre-term children (86 consecutive survivors 500-999 g birth weight, and 124 consecutive survivors 1000-1500 g birth weight) and a control group of 60 randomly selected children >2499 g birth weight were studied. Children were assessed at 14 years of age. A paediatrician determined the clinical respiratory status. Lung function was measured according to standard guidelines. Results - Of 180 preterm children seen at age 14, 42 (23%) had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the newborn period. Readmission to hospital for respiratory ill health was infrequent in all groups and the rates of asthma were similar (15% in the 500-999 g birth weight group, 21% in the 1000-1500 g birth weight group, 21% in controls; 19% BPD, 18% no BPD). Over-all, lung function was mostly within the normal range for all cohorts; few children had lung function abnormalities in clinically significant ranges. However, the pre-term children had significantly lower values for variables reflecting flow. Lung function in children of 500-999 g birth weight was similar to children of 1000-1500 g birth weight. Preterm children with BPD had significantly lower values for variables reflecting flow than children without BPD. Conclusions - The respiratory health of children of birth weight <1501 g at 14 years of age is comparable to that of term controls.