Mechanics of self-similar hierarchical adhesive structures inspired by gecko feet

Abstract

Gecko and many insects have evolved specialized adhesive tissues with hierarchical structures that allow them to maneuver on vertical walls and ceilings. The adhesion mechanisms of gecko must be robust enough to function on unknown rough surfaces and easily releasable upon animal movement. In this chapter, we review the robust and releasable adhesion devices used by the gecko. These topics are presented from the point of view of contact mechanics and fracture mechanics. Findings provide a theoretical foundation to understand adhesion mechanisms in biology and also suggest possible strategies to develop novel adhesive materials for engineering applications.