Infection control and hospital epidemiology in hematology units

Abstract

Hematological patients in aplasia after induction/consolidation chemotherapy or conditioning regimen for hematological stem cell transplantation are at high risk for infectious complications with endogenous or hospital-acquired bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Infection control aims at preventing exposure of these patients with infectious agents in the hospital environment during the most vulnerable phase of neutropenia. Protective care with nursing in positive pressure single rooms supplied with HEPA-filtered air is recommended. Adequate cleaning of the environment; precaution measures during construction works; monitoring of air and water for molds; instructions for healthcare workers, patients, and visitors; and special preparation of nutrition are addressed.