Training with and of autonomous system – modelling and simulation approach

Abstract

Having in place a new era of operationalization of systems with certain level of autonomy has implication in the whole spectrum of military activities. Training in the military domain as one of the key pillars of preparedness of Armed Forces must adequately reflect this phenomena. The article deals with all aspects of training related to Autonomous Systems (AS) and human being (HB). Firstly terminology of trainee and trainer in the AS and HB perspective is explained. Secondly factors that influence the effectiveness of the training when AS employed are elaborated. Special focus is put on the formalization of effectiveness of collective training with and of AS in the form of differential equation and model using the level of preparedness state variable. System dynamic is employed to design a model. The model is executed in the time in three different scenarios - Human in the Loop, Human on the Loop and Human out of the Loop; in all scenarios ASs with defined level of autonomy are employed. One of the finding is that collective training of AS with Human out of the Loop is less influenced by defined factors of effectiveness then in the case of collective training of AS with the Human in the Loop and Human on the Loop and requires less time to repeat collective training cycles to maintain the required level of preparedness.