Computer-Aided Design, Computer-Aided Engineering, and Visualization

Abstract

This chapter is an overview of computer-aided design (CAD) and computer-aided engineering and includes elements of computer graphics, visualization, and emerging visualization technologies. Commercial three-dimensional (3D) modeling tools are dimension driven, parametric, feature based, and constraint based. This means that, when geometry is created, the user specifies numerical values and requisite geometric conditions for the elemental dimensional and geometric constraints that define the object. Many of today’s modern CAD tools also operate on similar interfaces with similar geometry creation command sequences that operate interdependently to control the modeling process. Core modules include the sketcher, the solid modeling system itself, the dimensional constraint engine, the feature manager, and the assembly manager. In most cases, there is also a drawing tool, and other modules that interface with analysis, manufacturing process planning, and machining. These processes begin with the 3D geometry generated by CAD systems in the design process or 3D models can be created as a separate process. The second half of the chapter examines emerging visualization technologies (e.g., augmented and virtual reality) and their connection to CAD/CAM. We provide an overview of the technology, its capabilities and limitations, and how it is used in industrial environments. Finally, we discuss the challenges that are hindering its implementation and adoption.