Atherosclerotic disease distribution in carotid and vertebrobasilar arteries: Clinical experience in 100 patients undergoing fluoro-triggered 3D Gd-MRA

Abstract

Purpose: To determine how often three-dimensional gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (3D Gd-MRA) shows disease outside of the standard two-dimensional time-of-flight magnetic resonance angiography (2D TOF-MRA) imaging volume. Materials and Methods: One hundred consecutive patients with known or suspected cerebrovascular disease were examined using fluoro-triggered 3D Gd-MRA with a 1.5 Tesla scanner. All vessel segments from the aortic arch to the circle of Willis were independently evaluated for the presence of occlusive disease, ulceration, aneurysm, and anatomic variations by two radiologists blinded to clinical information. Branch vessel and circle of Willis visibility were also assessed. Kappa statistics were calculated to determine interobserver agreement. Results: Interobserver agreement for the degree of stenosis was good to excellent (κ = 0.83-1.0). Disagreement was more frequent in the cases of mild stenoses and was less frequent for stenoses ≥50%. In 38% of the patients, 3D Gd-MRA demonstrated either ulcerated plaques in carotid arteries (N = 14) or stenosis ≥50% in great vessel (N = 20) and/or vertebral artery (N = 38) origins, none of which can be readily evaluated on standard TOF-MRA. Conclusion: Fluoro-triggered 3D Gd-MRA provides a comprehensive evaluation of the carotid arteries including all vessel segments from the aortic arch to the circle of Willis.