Comparative Characteristics of the Amino Acids Composition of Sheep Milk from Breeds of Northern Kazakhstan

Abstract

Kazakhstan is characterized by a wide variety of natural, climatic, economic, and ethnic factors that have a specific impact on the development of sheep farming. The production of dairy products from sheep is limited due to the low productivity of animals and the seasonality of milk production throughout the year, as well as the short lactation period. Also, one of the problems is manual milking of sheep, which does not allow obtaining sheep milk on an industrial scale. The market of dairy products, currently in the Republic of Kazakhstan is represented only by-products made from cow's milk, and at the same time, most of them are products made from cow's milk powder, so the development of products made from sheep's milk is an urgent task. In addition, sheep's milk is a national product, and one of the tasks is to revive the traditional products of the Kazakh people. The analysis of literature studies shows that in-depth studies of the chemical composition of sheep's milk have not been conducted in Kazakhstan. The chemical composition data obtained during the Soviet period only give an idea of the primary chemical parameters obtained by generally accepted basic methods and do not provide reliable information about the deep chemical composition of the milk of local ewes. According to the results of studies, the content of the essential amino acid valine in cow's milk (0.21 g/100g) is also lower than in sheep's milk (9.69-3.79 g/100g). Sheep's milk protein is digested in the human body by 99.1%, and cow's milk protein by 91.9%. According to world experts, one of the advantages of Kazakhstan's domestic milk products is its naturalness, a low share of the use of genetically modified organisms, and environmentally friendly pastures, due to which they receive high-quality and safe products. Therefore, the designated research topic and its analysis are appropriate and relevant.