Neuroimaging as a Tool for Individualized Treatment Choice in Depression: the Past, the Present and the Future

Abstract

Purpose of Review: This paper aims to review the findings on neuroimaging as a tool for facilitating individualized treatment choice in depression. Recent Findings: Neuroimaging has allowed the exploration of neural candidates for response biomarkers. In less than two decades, the field has expanded from small single drug studies to large multisite initiatives testing multiple interventions; from simple analytical methods to employing artificial intelligence, with an aim of establishing models based on a variety of data, such as neuroimaging, biological, psychological and clinical measures. Summary: Neural biomarkers of response may play an important role in treatment response prediction. It seems likely that they will need to be considered together with other types of data in complex models in order to achieve the high accuracy and generalizability of results necessary for clinical use.