Technology platforms for bioanalysis of quorum sensing system and exploiting it as biomonitors and biosensors

Abstract

Quorum sensing (QS) is a bacterial signaling phenomenon wherein bacteria regulate gene expression as per the concentration of signaling molecule. In the microbial milieu, bacteria use QS to sense their immediate environment and inturn adjust QS genes. Our knowledge of this continuous process of biosensing and biomonitoring of QS signaling molecule and QS circuits has evolved over a period of time. Herein, we attempt to follow impact of newer bioanalysis techniques in understanding this QS phenomenon based on only recent technology platforms. Some of the technology platforms are at proof of concept stage wherein feasibility for QS studies is being demonstrated. We attempt to understand the enormous possibilities/potential these technologies withhold. Advancements in QS systems led researchers to attempt potential application of QS systems itself as technology platform. In this book chapter, few specific applications of QS system towards biosensing and biomonitoring are explored and covers above mentioned topics in four sections: (a) advanced structural based techniques involved in QS study (b) advanced biosensing and biomonitoring technologies (c) microarray technology (d) QS technologies for biosensing and biomonitoring activity. Specific examples are elaborated in details and for comprehensive reading on technology platform reader could refer to the references. In summary, advanced technology towards bioanalysis and applications of QS itself as biosensing and biomonitoring technology are discussed. The critical analysis, current trends, potential technology applications and the path forward are touched upon in key opinion and conclusion.