Sentinel lymph node biopsy guided by indocyanine green dye in endometrial cancer patients: Literature review and clinical experience

Abstract

The purpose of the study was to assess the feasibility and safety of using the technique of intraoperative sentinel lymph node (slN) detection guided by indocyanine green dye in endometrial cancer patients. material and methods. the study included 10 patients with stage i-ii/g1-2 endometrial cancer. the mean age of the patients was 66.2 years. laser-assisted indocyanine green (icg) fluorescent dye was used for slN mapping. icg was injected into the uterine cervix immediately before surgery. the concentration used for icg was 1.25 mg/ml (a 25 mg vial with icg powder was diluted into 20 cc of aqueous sterile water. icg was injected intracervically at 3 and 9 o'clock positions: 0.5 ml at 5 mm depth and 0.5 ml at 10 mm depth. the pinpoint endoscopic fluorescence imaging system (Novadaq, Canada) was used for slN mapping. Results. slNs were identified and removed in all patients. slNs were located along the external iliac vessels in 6 patients and in the obturator fossa and in the hypogastric vessels in 4 patients. an additional para-aortic lymph node was visualized in one case. Both urgent and planned histological examinations showed no evidence of metastases in all patients. pelvic lymph node dissection was performed in 4 patients. combined pelvic and para-aortic lymph node dissection was performed in one case. conclusion. lymph node involvement is an important prognostic factor in deciding whether neoadjuvant chemotherapy is necessary for endometrial cancer patients. the technique of slN detection using indocyanine green dye appears promising in ensuring adequate intraoperative staging and optimization of the extent and duration of surgery. the use of this algorithm for the treatment of endometrial cancer will significantly reduce the risk of perioperative complications associated with lymphadenectomy, not negatively influencing the disease outcome.