Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology Used in Pancreatic Surgery: a Valuable Tool for Surgical Trainees

Abstract

Purpose: Three-dimensional (3D) visualization technology has been increasingly applied in patient-specific surgeries, but its value in residency training has not been determined. This study aimed to explore the value of 3D visualized pancreatic model in tumor evaluation and surgery planning for surgical trainees. Methods: Eighty-eight surgical residents were randomized into two groups (computed tomography (CT) group and 3D group). Both groups began with a training on evaluating the resectability of pancreatic tumor, which was based on the NCCN clinical practice guidelines and practiced on a sample case. Then, they respectively learned the sample case either on 3D reconstruction visualization tables or CT images. Finally, both groups completed a same test consisting of two pancreatic cases with CT images as well as questionnaires. Results: No differences were found in scores of the anatomy and diagnosis part, while mean scores for questions, associated with tumor staging and surgery planning, were consistently and significantly higher in the 3D group. In addition, participants in 3D group agreed that 3D technology was more beneficial in understanding and making pancreatic surgery planning. Conclusion: The 3D visualization table may be a potential supplemental learning tool in building anatomy-image-surgery knowledge system and thus making surgery planning for surgical trainees.