Congenital Ptosis

Abstract

Congenital ptosis is most commonly caused by maldevelopment of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle complex. It is less frequently associated with neurologic, myopathic, and other congenital syndromes. Congenital ptosis may cause amblyopia from visual deprivation or induced astigmatism, especially if it is unilateral or asymmetric. Therefore, once congenital ptosis is identified after birth, early evaluation and management is essential to maximize potential visual development. A complete history and examination are necessary to determine the correct etiology of the ptosis, and in cases of neurogenic ptosis or in the setting of other associated syndromic findings, neuroimaging and genetic testing may be needed to provide optimal medical and surgical management.