Emergent management of acute airway obstruction from malignant disease

Abstract

The management of acute airway obstruction takes into consideration many factors including underlying disease process, patient status, and location and nature of obstruction. It is important to recognize the symptoms of airway obstruction and to act swiftly and appropriately. This chapter will discuss indications for intervention in malignant obstruction with the following methods: Heliox, rigid bronchoscopy, Nd:YAG laser therapy, stenting, airway prosthesis, radiation therapy, photodynamic therapy (PDT), and cryotherapy. Risks and benefits should be weighed for each therapeutic option, as interventions are usually palliative, with the goal of improving quality of life. Most importantly the intervention should reestablish the airway and gas exchange capability in the acute setting.