We report a broadband 4 x 4 nonblocking optical switch with Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) as switch elements on a silicon platform. Silicon resistive heaters are used for phase error correction of MZI arms with total thermooptic power consumption of 33.7 mW. Fast switching is enabled by p-i-n diodes, with average electrooptic tuning power of 14.3 mW for the 24 essential switching states as required for nonblocking routing. The average on-chip insertion loss is 5.8-7.7 dB and crosstalk better than -12 dB at wavelength of 1550 nm. Optical transmission experiments using a high-throughput 50 Gb/s quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK) optical signal reveal that no significant deterioration is observed on constellation diagrams.
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Lu, L., Zhou, L., Li, Z., Li, X., & Chen, J. (2015). Broadband 4 x 4 Nonblocking Silicon Electrooptic Switches Based on Mach-Zehnder Interferometers. IEEE Photonics Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2015.2390195