Small-scale production of biodiesel through transesterification process of waste or used cooking oil

Abstract

One of environmentally friendly fuel is biodiesel, where the raw material for its manufacture comes from vegetable oils. In the process of biodiesel development, raw materials can come from waste such as waste cooking oil or commonly referred to as jelantah. The ability of biodiesel that can replace existing diesel or diesel fuel, becomes a big potential to be developed on an industrial scale. Biodiesel is made by reacting an alcohol with vegetable oil with the addition of an alkaline catalyst. The reaction of biodiesel took place inside a three-neck flask equipped with a stirring motor as well as a waterbath. Variables used in this research are a variation of stirring speed starting from 300, 400, 500, 600, and 700 rpm. Determination method of biodiesel component using GC-MS analysis, as well as analysis of fuel characteristics and heat test. The results showed that used cooking oil materials have low FFA content that is below 2% so it can be directly processed into biodiesel. At 500 rpm stirring speed produces 150 ml of biodiesel and 94.70% yield of biodiesel from 150 ml of cooking oil with biodiesel characteristics produced in accordance with the requirements of biodiesel quality in the National Standardization Agency 2012 document with the calorific value of biodiesel 8609,7956 calories / gram.