Acute hepatitis C

Abstract

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was both to evaluate the natural outcome of acute hepatitis C (AHC), in this factors influencing chronicity of HCV, and to assess results of antiviral therapy in acute phase of disease. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Seventy-seven pts with diagnosis of AHC (all HCVRNA-positive, in this 44 anti-HCV-positive at entry) were seen. Sixty-four of them (F/M: 33/31; mean age: 45.4y +/- 16.0) were non-treated (NT pts) with IFN during 6-months follow-up and thirteen patients (F/M: 5/8; mean age: 36.6ys +/- 11.9) were treated (T pts) with IFN. Antiviral therapy was started within 2 to 18 (median 10) weeks after the onset of AHC including seven pts with IFN alpha-2b at 5MU thrice weekly (TIW) and one pt with IFN-alpha-2a at 6MU TIW for 24 weeks, three pts with combined (Rebetron) therapy according to HCV genotype (1F/3a for 24 weeks and 2M/1b for 48 weeks) and two pts with PEG-Intron for one month followed by Intron at 3MU TIW for 20 weeks. RESULTS: 64.1% of NT pts developed chronic hepatitis. In multivariate logistic regression analysis age > 40y, nonicteric course and medical procedures as route of infection were independently and significantly associated with chronicity. Ten of the thirteen (77%) treated pts presented sustained response (SR) at the end of follow-up. Only one seronegative pt no responded to the therapy. The others 12 pts (all seropositive) presented rapid normalisation of ALT levels. However, 3 of them developed breakthrough between 12 and 20 week of therapy and ribavirin was added with beneficial effect. At the end of treatment point, all seropositive patients showed biochemical and virological response but two (with breakthrough history) of them relapsed. CONCLUSIONS: Seropositive, nonicteric patients with acute hepatitis C should be treated as soon as possible and pegylated-IFN for 24 weeks seems to be currently the best choice. Combination therapy with PEG and ribavirin could be proposed to the patients who failed to monotherapy. The beneficial effect of AHC therapy is indicative for necessity of creating conditions for diagnosed AHC more frequent than hitherto.