Lisdexamfetamine: Stimulant Prodrug for ADHD in Children and Adults

Abstract

Lisdexamfetamine (LDX) is the only available stimulant prodrug formulation that has been approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for treatment of ADHD in children and adults. It is enzymatically hydrolyzed to the active d-amphetamine and essential amino acid L-lysine. This rate limited enzyme mediated step underlies the consistent, predictable levels throughout the day and limits its potential for misuse. It is effective, safe and well tolerated and has an adverse effect profile comparable to other extended release stimulant formulations. The d-amphetamine levels from LDX are more consistent than that from extended release mixed amphetamine salts. LDX has shown efficacy for ADHD in clinical trials involving children and adults. Ongoing research studies are attempting to establish its long term efficacy and tolerability in patients with ADHD and also its use for some novel applications in patients with depression and other psychiatric disorders.