Human predation on the gopher tortoise (Gopherus polyphemus) in north-central Florida

Abstract

Human predation on Gopherus polyphemus was investigated through personal observation of and participation in the process, hunter interviews, examination of butchered animals, and laboratory dissections of tortoises. Information was gathered about the hunters' methods, the results of their efforts, and the effects on local tortoise populations. Light predation probably does not have a strong adverse effect on a population. Intensive exploitation, however, may seriously affect the viability of populations of this species because of the tortoise's extremely low reproductive rate and the difficulty in replacing lost individuals. Approximately equal numbers of each sex are taken, and the size distribution of butchered animals reflects that of typical colonies. Predation on the gopher tortoise by man is widespread, despite the fact that the small edible portion of each animal leads to the relatively high cost of obtaining the flesh. The use of G. polyphemus as a food item is perpetuated by the culture of certain groups and their traditional exploitation of the species.