Elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma as a missing risk factor for celiac disease

8Citations
Citations of this article
55Readers
Mendeley users who have this article in their library.
Get full text

Abstract

The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) has increased significantly in some developed countries in recent decades. Potential risk factors that have been considered in the literature do not appear to provide a convincing explanation for this increase. This has led some researchers to hypothesize that there is a “missing environmental factor” that increases the risk of CD. Based on evidence from the literature, the author proposes that elevation in plasma levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] is a missing risk factor for CD, and relatedly that significant oral vitamin D exposure is a “missing environmental factor” for CD. First, elevated plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are common in CD, especially in the newly diagnosed. Second, nine distinct conditions that increase plasma levels of 1,25(OH)2D are either associated with CD or have indications of such an association in the literature. Third, a retrospective study shows that sustained oral vitamin D supplementation in infancy is associated with increased CD risk, and other studies on comorbid conditions support this association. Fourth, large doses of oral vitamin D upregulate many of the same cytokines, chemokines, and toll-like receptors that are upregulated in CD. Fifth, epidemiological evidence, such as the timing of the inception of a CD “epidemic” in Sweden, the increased prevalence of CD in Finland and the United States in recent decades, the unusually low prevalence of CD in Germany, and the differential in prevalence between Finnish Karelians and Russian Karelians, may all be explained by oral vitamin D exposure increasing CD risk. The same is true of some seemingly contradictory results in the literature on the effects of breastfeeding on CD risk. If future research validates this hypothesis, adjustments to oral vitamin D consumption among those who have genetic susceptibility may decrease the risk of CD in these individuals.

References Powered by Scopus

Clinical characteristics of patients in a case control study of sarcoidosis

1464Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

The Oslo definitions for coeliac disease and related terms

1361Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Prevention of rickets and vitamin D deficiency in infants, children, and adolescents

1337Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Cited by Powered by Scopus

Possible role of vitamin D in celiac disease onset

22Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

25(OH)D Levels in Infancy Is Associated With Celiac Disease Autoimmunity in At-Risk Children: A Case–Control Study

10Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Dynamics of parathyroid hormone levels and bone metabolism indicators against the background of hypovitaminosis D treatment in children with celiac disease

2Citations
N/AReaders
Get full text

Register to see more suggestions

Mendeley helps you to discover research relevant for your work.

Already have an account?

Cite

CITATION STYLE

APA

Bittker, S. S. (2020). Elevated levels of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in plasma as a missing risk factor for celiac disease. Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology, 13, 1–15. https://doi.org/10.2147/CEG.S222353

Readers over time

‘20‘21‘22‘23‘24‘2505101520

Readers' Seniority

Tooltip

PhD / Post grad / Masters / Doc 11

69%

Researcher 3

19%

Professor / Associate Prof. 2

13%

Readers' Discipline

Tooltip

Medicine and Dentistry 13

59%

Nursing and Health Professions 6

27%

Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Bi... 2

9%

Computer Science 1

5%

Article Metrics

Tooltip
Social Media
Shares, Likes & Comments: 65

Save time finding and organizing research with Mendeley

Sign up for free
0