Arbuscular mycorrhizal dungi and tolerance of waterlogging stress in plants

Abstract

Waterlogging is an environmental factor that negatively affects the survival, growth, and development of plants. The same effect also occurs against the presence of fungi in aquatic ecosystems such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). AMF has been reported as having a symbiosis with various types of aquatic and wetland plants. The existence of AMF has also been found in various types of both permanent and seasonal wetlands including lake and stream flooding, mangrove, salt marsh, river, riparian and floodplain, peat swamp forest, and other wetlands. Glomeraceae is a family with most types, and some of them are found in all types of wetlands, for example, Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, and F. geosporus. Colonization, spore density, species richness, and diversity of AMF in a puddle condition are influenced by many factors, including the availability of oxygen, seasonal changes, the availability of P, water depth, type of AMF, and other types of vegetation. The AMF presence can promote the growth and biomass of plants through improved nutritional status and potential adjustment and may accelerate the succession in early pioneer vegetation in some types of aquatic habitat.