Improved accuracy of navigated drilling using a drill alignment device

Abstract

Drilling procedures are common in orthopedic surgery and are one specific task that may be aided by computer-assisted navigation. However, the inherent flexibility of drill bit bending may make this the limiting factor in achieving acceptable accuracy when using these systems. We designed an alignment device that was fit to a standard orthopedic drill that allowed an extension of the stabilizing point of a drill bit. In foam blocks with a similar density as cancellous bone, 208 total navigated drilling trials were performed, using four different sized drill bits (2.5, 3.2, 3.5, and 4.5 mm) with and without the alignment device. Drilling tracts of 80 mm were made towards an intended target on the other side of the block. Reduction in deviation from the intended target was significantly improved with the use of the guide, ranging from 33% to 45% for the four drill sizes. For the trails using the alignment device, the 2.5-mm. drill bit was significantly less accurate than the three larger drills. Our results demonstrate that the use of external devices to augment drill bit stabilization can improve drilling accuracy. This may have particular importance when using navigation systems to drill into small anatomic confines. © 2007 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.